How the Cobra Got Its Flesh-Eating Venom: Cytotoxicity as a Defensive Innovation and Its Co-Evolution with Hooding, Aposematic Marking, and Spitting

The cytotoxicity of the venom of 25 species of Old World elapid snake was tested and compared with the acure face lotion morphological and behavioural adaptations of hooding and spitting.We determined that, contrary to previous assumptions, the venoms of spitting species are not consistently more cytotoxic than those of closely related non-spitting

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Coastal solid waste prediction by applying machine learning approaches (Case study: Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran)

Nowadays, intelligent systems are used as innovative tools in different environmental issues.However, the prediction of short-term waste, unlike the long-term scale, is less developed due to more uncertainties and the difficulty in determining measurable independent parameters.In this study, two types of artificial neural networks (MLP and RBF) and

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Electrospun PCL Nerve Wrap Coated with Graphene Oxide Supports Axonal Growth in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model

Background/Objectives: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are a debilitating problem, resulting in diminished quality of life due to the continued presence of both chronic and acute pain.The current standard of practice for the repair of PNIs larger than 10 mm is the use of autologous nerve grafts.Autologous nerve grafts have limitations that often r

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